Lau v. Nichols was a class-action lawsuit that led to the eventual implementation of English immersion as part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. For this week’s discussion, please respond to the following according to your focus in K-12 or Higher Education.

• K–12: Consider the nine purposes outlined in the English Language Acquisition Act and discuss how K-12 school divisions can ensure that learners who are non-native English speakers are receiving the support as outlined in the act. Support your response with information from our text, Today’s Guide to Educational Policy: Pandemics, Disasters, Nationalism, Religion, and Global Politics, and additional resources as appropriate.
• Higher Education: In Higher Education, institutions can require that students pass a test, known as the Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL, to ensure English proficiency. What barriers might the use of TOEFL create for students? What might be some valid reasons that Higher Education institutions should use this test to ensure English language proficiency?