due in 48 hours

discussions are below:

Planning Theory [WLO: 1] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapter 1: Differences Between Lines and Circles (which discusses planning theory) and Chapter 2: Programs: Containers for Idea Implementation from the textbook Comparative Approaches to Program Planning.

Select two of the planning theories (i.e., synoptic, incremental, advocacy, transactive, or radical) which were discussed in Comparative Approaches to Program Planning. How might the two selected theories relate or not relate to your current or desired line of work in the human services realm? Describe this relation or lack of relation in detail, and cite at least one other scholarly source in your discussion. To help determine whether a source is scholarly or not, see the Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) tip sheet.

Prescriptive Approaches [WLO: 3] [CLO: 5]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read the rational planning and prescriptive approach case from Chapter 3: Rational Planning and Prescriptive Approaches in your Comparative Approaches to Program Planning text.

The case and the chapter both are intended to get you thinking about not just rational planning, but also prescriptive approaches. In this instance, do you believe that the political context is vital, or do you believe that the political influence got in the way of problem-solving that is technically and professionally grounded? That said, how would you have approached this case from a planning perspective?

Program Planning and Modification [WLO: 1] [CLO: 1]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapter 4: Interpretive Planning and Emergent Approaches in Comparative Approaches to Program Planning.

How do you determine when a program modification is necessary? What do you believe are the most vital steps to modifying an existing, but inefficient or defunct program?

Program Planning and Ethical Considerations [WLO: 1] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 6]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapter 5: Knowing When to Use Which Planning Approach in Comparative Approaches to Program Planning.

Based on what you have learned from your readings in Comparative Approaches to Program Planning pertaining to the “when” and “which” questions, what ethical considerations will you face, or have you faced, as you craft your proposal for the final Research Proposal Project?

How have you addressed these ethical concerns?

What have you learned about ethical violations in research this week through the required reading and reading you have completed on your own?

Program Planning, Research, and Cultural Contexts [WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapter 6 in the Netting, O’Connor, and Fauri text and the Section IV: Strategies That Address Culturally Responsive Evaluation (Links to an external site.) handbook section by Fierson, Hood, and Hughes.

“Culture” has become more of an integral component to research in the social sciences. Briefly describe the importance of incorporating cultural concepts into the planning and modification of a program. In greater detail, define how you would evaluate a program based on its inclusion or omission of cultural context. While completing this discussion forum, consider ways that you can address the cultural context within your Research Proposal Project draft due in Week 6, as well as within the draft due Day 7 of this week.

Texts

Leedy, P. D. & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical research: Planning and design (12th ed.). Pearson.

· The full-text version of this ebook is available in your online classroom through the RedShelf platform.

Netting, F. E., O’Conner, M. K., & Fauri, D. P. (2008). Comparative approaches to program planning. Wiley.

· The full-text version of this ebook is available in your online classroom through the RedShelf platform.

Multimedia

· CHOP Program Planning & Evaluation. (2011, October 31). Chapter 2: Conducting a community needs assessment: Part 1 (Links to an external site.) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/624PSllFWsA

· Earnshaw, J. [John Earnshaw]. (2011, October 31). What is research? (Links to an external site.) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/BJhpQs82uR8

· Ostrowj1. (2009, October 1). Creating a research question (Links to an external site.) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/AIJDfS33IWw

Supplemental Material

· Fierson, H. T., Hood, S., & Hughes, G. B. (2002). Section IV: Strategies that address culturally responsive evaluation (Links to an external site.). In J. F. Westat (Ed.), The 2002 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation (pp. 63–73). http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2002/nsf02057/nsf02057_5.pdf