Part 1: You will be asked to answer one of these questions on Test 4. Not all students will be asked the same question. These are the actual test questions, but you do not know which one I will ask you. You should prepare an answer to each question ahead of time. Please write in complete sentences. ANSWER EACH 6-10 SENTENCES

What is structuralism and who was associated with it. Who were the functionalists? Describe three differences between structuralism and functionalism.

What were Darwin’s five theses according to Ernst Mayr? Do not just list them. Describe what they mean

Part 2: Answer study guide questions

Darwin and Evolution:

1. What did Thomas Malthus say and how did it influence Darwin? How did these ideas combine with the idea of “variation between individuals” to produce a new theory.?

2. Compare natural selection and artificial selection. What role does purpose and progress play in each kind of selection?

3. Give a factual example of natural selection at work. (explain how it works in this example).

4. What were Darwin’s five theses according to Ernst Mayr?

5. What is Social Darwinism. In what ways does it contradict Darwin’s theory?

6. What factors led to Darwin getting the lion’s share of credit for evolution rather than sharing it with Wallace?

James and Functionalism-American Psychology:

1. How did William James incorporate evolutionary theory into psychology?

2. What did Dewey mean in the reflex arc article when he said mental content (ideas) have to be understood in the larger context of adaptation.?

3. Compare James’ theory of emotion to the common sense theory.

4. What five adjectives did James use to describe consciousness?

5. What did G.S. Hall do first in psychology? (he did more than one thing first)

6. Who was Mary Whiton Calkins? Who did she work with and how was she treated by the Harvard administration.

7. What is the law of effect? In what way does it foreshadow behaviorism without really being behavioristic.?

8. Contrast Francis Sumner with Kenneth Clark. What role do they play in 20th century U. S. History?