Instructor Goldstein, Andrea

August 27, 2023

Title: The Impact of Mental Health on Criminal Behavior

Introduction

The relationship between mental health and criminal behavior is a subject of profound interest and research in the field of psychology. This paper aims to find out the multifaceted impact of mental health on criminal behavior, analyzing major psychological theories as well as perspectives, along with empirical evidence from peer-reviewed research (Ling et al., 2019; Bonfine et al., 2020; Whiting et al., 2021; Wallace & Wang, 2020). By synthesizing various factors, including biological, social, and environmental elements, we aim to understand how mental health impacts criminal conduct and the implications on the criminal justice system.

Thesis Statement

The evidence from peer-reviewed research supports the notion that mental health plays a great role in shaping criminal behavior, and a comprehensive understanding of this research topic necessitates an examination of biological, social, and environmental factors.

Biological Explanations of Mental Health and Criminal Behavior

Biological factors have been a significant focus in understanding the impact of mental health on criminal behavior. Ling et al. (2019) discussed biological explanations, including genetic and neurobiological factors that have been associated with an increased propensity for criminal conduct among some individuals. Twin and adoption studies have indicated a genetic contribution to criminality, suggesting that some individuals may possess a genetic predisposition to get involved in criminal behavior. Additionally, neurobiological abnormalities, such as deficits in brain regions responsible for impulse control as well as decision-making, have been aligned to criminal conduct. It is essential, however, to recognize that biological factors correlate with other influences within an individual’s environment and upbringing, underscoring the importance of examining the interplay of various factors.

Mental Health Services within the Criminal Justice System

A significant aspect of understanding the impact of mental health on criminal behavior involves examining the availability and effectiveness of mental health services within the criminal justice system. Bonfine et al. (2020) highlighted the challenges faced by justice-involved individuals with serious mental illness. Due to the lack of adequate mental health services in correctional facilities, the needs of these individuals often remain unaddressed, leading to repeated encounters with the legal system. Providing comprehensive mental health services, including assessment, treatment, and support, within the criminal justice severity can break the cycle of criminal behavior and promote successful reintegration into society. Interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mental health court programs have shown promise in reducing recidivism and enhancing outcomes for justice-involved individuals with mental health challenges.

The Association between Specific Mental Disorders and Criminal Behavior

Research exploring the association between specific mental disorders and criminal behavior further sheds light on the complexity of this relationship. Whiting et al. (2021) conducted a structured review of associations between individual mental disorders and violence. While certain mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and substance use disorders, may be associated with an increased risk of violence, it is crucial to avoid stigmatization and misconceptions about individuals with mental health challenges. The majority of individuals with mental disorders do not engage in criminal conduct, and the risk of violence is influenced by various contextual factors, including socioeconomic status, substance use, and previous criminal history. Understanding the nuanced links between mental disorders and criminal behavior is essential for guiding risk assessment practices and implementing effective interventions.

The Impact of Mental Health Treatment on Recidivism

Investigating the impact of mental health treatment on recidivism rates is crucial in understanding how interventions can influence criminal behavior. Wallace and Wang (2020) examined the relationship between in-prison physical and mental health and recidivism. Addressing mental health needs during incarceration and post-release through comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation programs can significantly reduce the likelihood of reoffending and promote positive behavioral change. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and substance use treatment, have shown promising results in improving mental health outcomes and reducing criminal behavior among justice-involved individuals.

Synthesis of Findings

The research on the impact of mental health on criminal behavior underscores the complex interplay between biological, social, and environmental factors. While biological influences may predispose some individuals to criminal conduct, the availability and effectiveness of mental health services within the criminal justice system, along with the specific nature of mental disorders, significantly shape the outcomes. Additionally, societal factors, such as poverty, substance use, and access to resources, interact with mental health to influence criminal behavior. By acknowledging these multifaceted factors, policymakers and practitioners can develop evidence-based strategies to address mental health needs and reduce criminal recidivism effectively.

Conclusion

The impact of mental health on criminal behavior is a multifaceted issue, influenced by various biological, social, and environmental factors. Understanding the complexities of this relationship is essential for developing comprehensive approaches to address mental health challenges within the criminal justice system and to reduce the incidence of criminal behavior. By prioritizing mental health interventions and integrating them into the criminal justice system, we can promote better outcomes for justice-involved individuals, foster community safety, and enhance public well-being.

References

Ling, S., Umbach, R., & Raine, A. (2019). Biological explanations of criminal behavior. Psychology, Crime & Law, 25(6), 626-640.

Bonfine, N., Wilson, A. B., & Munetz, M. R. (2020). Meeting the needs of justice-involved people with serious mental illness within community behavioral health systems. Psychiatric Services, 71(4), 355-363.

Whiting, D., Lichtenstein, P., & Fazel, S. (2021). Violence and mental disorders: a structured review of associations by individual diagnoses, risk factors, and risk assessment. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 150-161.

Wallace, D., & Wang, X. (2020). Does in-prison physical and mental health impact recidivism? SSM-population health, 11, 100569.