1__A theory helps psychologists broadly explain ______

2_Psychologists primarily engaged in helping others are generally called _______

.

3_The method of _________

 is considered scientific because it incorporated the study of the structures of the mind as well as a person’s recollection and reflection of their thoughts and feelings in a well-controlled laboratory setting.

4__Under the biological approach in psychology, _____________

 emphasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

.

1_Professor Cognition is examining how time delays affect memory performance. He decides to use students in his psychology course as his subjects. During a class session, he tells the students about the study. They will take a memory test in class and then again, an hour later. As an incentive, he informs the class that those who are willing to participate will receive 10 points extra credit. Those not willing to participate will have 10 points deducted from their overall course grade. The students who decide to participate complete the two memory tests anonymously and then are explained the basis for the experiment. Professor Cognition is violating which ethical standard:

A_informed consent.

b_voluntary participation.

c_confidentiality/privacy.

d_debriefing.

2_Which is considered an important issue regarding ethical guidelines for conducting research?

A_Informed consent

B_Deception

C_Debriefing

D_Informed consent, deception, and debriefing

3_Dr. Sanders is interested in how people understand feedback about their performance and incorporate it into their view of themselves. She has large groups of participants take a bogus personality test and then, in front of the group, tells each of them that they either did very well, average, or very poorly. She also tells them that their scores on the test accurately predict future life success. Dr. Sanders then has the participants write a short paragraph describing their personal strengths and weaknesses. At the end of the study, the group turns in their paragraphs and is excused. At no time does Dr. Sanders inform them that the test and feedback were actually false. In fact, she never tells them about the nature of the study. Dr. Sanders’s study violates which ethical standard?

A_Protection from harm

B_Informed consent

C_Confidentiality/privacy

D_Debriefing

4_The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the _______ variable.

A_dependent

B_independent

C_control

D_spurious

5_A carefully planned and executed procedure that aims to explain how a variable has caused an influence on another variable is known as

A_an experiment.

B_a case study.

C_a correlation.

D_a theory.

6_Which type of research can demonstrate causality?

A_Experiment

B_Correlation

C_Inferential statistics

D_None of the above; causality can never be determined.

7_Marga is a therapist whose hometown had a school fire in which many children died. Which of the following therapeutic techniques would be least helpful to trauma victims?

A_Teaching basic coping skills

B_Having victims who survived recount their stories only if it seems helpful

C_Urging distressed people to talk through what they had experienced

D_Giving victims community referrals for additional assistance, should they find that they want to talk later

8______ refers to the degree to which an experimental design reflects the real-world issues it was meant to address.

A_External validity

B_Internal validity

C_Experimenter bias

D_Operational definition